Diabetes has become a highly prevalent chronic disease worldwide, with the affected population continuing to grow. Traditional fingerstick blood sampling involves invasive and painful procedures, limited testing frequency, and difficulty in continuously capturing blood glucose fluctuations, presenting numerous challenges...

The current social fertility rate continues to decline, and the aging population situation is becoming increasingly severe, while the overall success rate of assisted reproduction in clinical settings remains relatively low. Current clinical evaluation methods are relatively limited and constrained, relying solely on genetic testing...

The current clinical overuse of antibiotics is widespread, the mutation and iteration of pathogenic bacteria are accelerating, and the situation of bacterial resistance is becoming increasingly severe. Traditional drug resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility testing suffer from shortcomings such as long turnaround times, complex operational procedures, and large sample consumption...

The current demand for water quality monitoring and ecological environment monitoring continues to increase. Traditional monitoring equipment suffers from high cost, large size, and complex deployment and maintenance, making it difficult to achieve large-scale, high-density deployment. Moreover, routine testing often relies on laboratory sample submission, which involves long turnaround times and fails to capture real-time dynamic changes in water quality...